Research Project
FACT · ENABLE Stream · Research Program · 2020–

Intersectionality
& GBA+

Standard policy analysis treats the "average" person as the default. This research program insists that is not good enough. Applying intersectional and gender-based frameworks to Canadian public policy — from COVID-19 recovery design to basic income to federal evaluation tools — to ensure that who bears the costs and who receives the benefits is never an afterthought.

The Problem with Standard Policy Analysis

Most Canadian policy evaluation treats aggregate outcomes as sufficient — if the average benefit is positive, the policy passes. But averages mask who gains and who loses. Women, racialized people, persons with disabilities, Indigenous peoples, and low-income households often experience the same policy in fundamentally different ways. When those differences are invisible in the analysis, they are invisible in the design. This research program makes them visible.

The Approach

This research applies intersectional and gender-based analysis frameworks — including Canada's federal GBA+ — to evaluate how public policies distribute costs and benefits across overlapping dimensions of identity and disadvantage. It ranges from empirical measurement of gendered labour market effects and COVID-19 impacts to critical assessment of whether federal GBA+ frameworks are fit for purpose, and from concrete policy design guidance for basic income to reform proposals for infrastructure recovery investment.

Journal Articles

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Igniting an Intersectional Shift in Public Policy Research (and Training)
Lindsay M. Tedds · Canadian Public Policy · Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 1–12 · doi:10.3138/cpp.2022-040 · 2023
Argues that the dominant "interest group" model of representation in Canadian public policy research is insufficient — and that training the next generation of policy researchers requires embedding intersectional analysis as a core methodological commitment, not an add-on. Sets out a framework for what an intersectional shift in both research design and graduate training would actually require.
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Canada's GBA+ Framework in a (post)Pandemic World: Issues, Tensions, and Paths Forward
Anna Cameron and Lindsay M. Tedds · Canadian Public Administration · Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 7–27 · doi:10.1111/capa.12508 · 2023
Critically examines the federal government's GBA+ framework in the wake of COVID-19, documenting the tensions between its stated ambitions and its actual application in policy development. Identifies structural weaknesses — including inconsistent application, limited accountability mechanisms, and a tendency to conflate GBA+ with gender disaggregation — and charts a path toward a more robust intersectional evaluation framework for federal policy.
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The Effects of the 2001 Extension of Paid Parental Leave Provisions on Birth Seasonality in Canada
Janice Compton and Lindsay M. Tedds · Canadian Public Policy · Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 48–65 · doi:10.3138/cpp.2015-054 · 2016
Investigates whether the 2001 extension of EI paid parental leave — from 10 to 35 weeks — altered the seasonal pattern of births in Canada. Finds strong evidence that birth seasonality shifted after 2001, with a notable decline in spring births and an increase in late summer and early fall births, concentrated among married women aged 25–34. Demonstrates that public policy can influence conception timing, with downstream implications for health, educational preparedness, and development outcomes.
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Royal Society of Canada Reports

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Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women in Canada
Jennifer Robson, Lindsay M. Tedds et al. · Royal Society of Canada · 2022
Documents the disproportionate and intersecting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women in Canada — including labour market disruption, caregiving burden, intimate partner violence, and access to health services. Synthesizes the evidence base and provides policy recommendations for a gender-responsive recovery grounded in intersectional analysis.
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Renewing the Social Contract: Economic Recovery in Canada from COVID-19
Christopher McCabe, Vic Adamowicz, Robin Boadway, Lindsay Tedds et al. · Royal Society of Canada · 2020
An interdisciplinary Royal Society of Canada expert panel report examining the economic dimensions of COVID-19 recovery in Canada. Makes the case for rebuilding the social contract — strengthening income supports, addressing structural inequalities exposed by the pandemic, and designing recovery measures that are equitable across income, gender, and racialized communities.
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Book Chapter

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Gender Disparities in the Labour Market? Examining the COVID-19 Pandemic in Alberta
John Baker, Kourtney Koebel and Lindsay M. Tedds · Chapter in Robert Mansell and Kenneth J. McKenzie (Eds.) Alberta Futures · University of Calgary Press · 2021
Uses Labour Force Survey microdata to document the gendered labour market impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta — examining employment losses, sector concentration, and the differential recovery trajectories of men and women. Situates Alberta's experience within the national pattern and draws implications for the province's economic future.
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Policy Reports

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An Equity-Based Data Stewardship Framework
Anna I. Cameron, Gillian Petit, and Lindsay M. Tedds · Prepared for the Canadian Housing Evidence Collaborative — Affordable Housing Supply Monitor Initiative · March 31, 2023
Develops a framework for equity-based stewardship of housing data — arguing that data collection, curation, and access decisions are not neutral and must be evaluated through an equity lens. Applies the framework to the Affordable Housing Supply Monitor Initiative, identifying gaps in existing data infrastructure and proposing governance principles to ensure that housing evidence serves historically underserved communities.
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Gender Disparities in the Labour Market? Examining the COVID-19 Pandemic in Alberta
John Baker, Kourtney Koebel and Lindsay M. Tedds · The School of Public Policy Publications · Vol. 14, No. 18, pp. 1–37 · 2021
Policy report version of the Alberta Futures book chapter. Presents empirical analysis of gendered employment losses and recovery in Alberta during COVID-19 using Labour Force Survey data, with direct policy implications for the design of recovery supports and the province's long-term labour market strategy.
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The Gendered Implications of an Infrastructure Focused Recovery
Anna Cameron, Vanessa Morin and Lindsay M. Tedds · The School of Public Policy Publications · Vol. 13, No. 1 · 2020
Argues that infrastructure-centred COVID-19 recovery strategies — heavily weighted toward construction and physical capital — would disproportionately benefit men while leaving women's pandemic-driven labour market losses unaddressed. Applies GBA+ to evaluate the distributional implications of Canada's early recovery design and calls for a broader conception of "infrastructure" that includes care work and social services.
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BC Basic Income Expert Panel Reports

2020
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Gender-Based Analysis Plus and Intersectionality: Overview, an Enhanced Framework, and a BC Case Study
Anna Cameron and Lindsay M. Tedds · Expert Panel on Basic Income, British Columbia · 2020
Provides the BC Basic Income Expert Panel with an enhanced GBA+ framework — moving beyond single-axis gender analysis to a fully intersectional approach. Includes a BC case study demonstrating how the framework applies to income and social support policy, establishing the analytical foundation used across the panel's other GBA+ analyses.
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Gender-Based Analysis Plus of Two Policy Alternatives: Basic Income and Basic Services
Anna Cameron and Lindsay M. Tedds · Expert Panel on Basic Income, British Columbia · 2020
Applies the enhanced GBA+ framework to compare basic income and basic services as alternative approaches to reforming BC's social support system — examining how each option would distribute benefits and costs across women, racialized people, persons with disabilities, and other equity-deserving groups. Finds that each approach has distinct distributional profiles with important trade-offs for different populations.
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Gender-Based Analysis Plus of the Income and Social Support System in British Columbia
Gillian Petit and Lindsay M. Tedds · Expert Panel on Basic Income, British Columbia · 2020
Applies GBA+ to BC's existing income and social support system — mapping the distributional profile of individual programs and the system as a whole across dimensions of gender, race, disability, and income. Identifies where the system disproportionately fails equity-deserving groups and provides the baseline against which the panel's reform proposals are evaluated.
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Policy Engagement

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Expert Witness, Single Mothers' Alliance of BC Society and Nicolina Bell v Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of British Columbia and Legal Services Society
Lindsay M. Tedds · Supreme Court of British Columbia · Action No. S173843, Vancouver Registry · 2021–2023
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Expert Testimony, Senate Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science, and Technology
Lindsay M. Tedds · In Relation to the Role of Gender-Based Analysis Plus in the Policy Process · Parliament of Canada · September 21, 2022
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Member, Task Force on Women and the Economy
Lindsay M. Tedds · Government of Canada · 2021–2022
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